Study Session 12
2024 Curriculum
Learning Module 1 – Market Organization and Structure
LOS a: explain the main functions of the financial system
LOS b: describe classifications of assets and markets
LOS c: describe the major types of securities, currencies, contracts, commodities, and real assets that trade in organized markets, including their distinguishing characteristics and major subtypes
LOS d: describe types of financial intermediaries and services that they provide
LOS e: compare positions an investor can take in an asset
LOS f: calculate and interpret the leverage ratio, the rate of return on a margin transaction, and the security price at which the investor would receive a margin call
LOS g: compare execution, validity, and clearing instructions
LOS h: compare market orders with limit orders
LOS i: define primary and secondary markets and explain how secondary markets support primary markets
LOS j: describe how securities, contracts, and currencies are traded in quote-driven, order-driven, and brokered markets
LOS k: describe characteristics of a well-functioning financial system
LOS l: describe objectives of market regulation
Learning Module 2 – Security Market Indices
LOS a: describe a security market index
LOS b: calculate and interpret the value, price return, and total return of an index
LOS c: describe the choices and issues in index construction and management
LOS d: compare the different weighting methods used in index construction
LOS e: calculate and analyze the value and return of an index given its weighting method
LOS f: describe rebalancing and reconstitution of an index
LOS g: describe uses of security market indices
LOS h: describe types of equity indices
LOS i: describe types of fixed-income indices
LOS j: describe indices representing alternative investments
LOS k: compare types of security market indices
Learning Module 3 – Market Efficiency
LOS a: describe market efficiency and related concepts, including their importance to investment practitioners
LOS b: distinguish between market value and intrinsic value
LOS c: explain factors that affect a market’s efficiency
LOS d: contrast weak-form, semi-strong-form, and strong-form market efficiency
LOS e: explain the implications of each form of market efficiency for fundamental analysis, technical analysis, and the choice between active and passive portfolio management
LOS f: describe market anomalies
LOS g: describe behavioral finance and its potential relevance to understanding market anomalies
Learning Module 4 – Overview of Equity Securities
LOS a: describe characteristics of types of equity securities
LOS b: describe differences in voting rights and other ownership characteristics among different equity classes
LOS c: distinguish between public and private equity securities
LOS d: describe methods for investing in non-domestic equity securities
LOS e: compare the risk and return characteristics of different types of equity securities
LOS f: explain the role of equity securities in the financing of a company’s assets
LOS g: distinguish between the market value and book value of equity securities
LOS h: compare a company’s cost of equity, its (accounting) return on equity, and investors’ required rates of return
Learning Module 5 – Company Analysis: Past and Present
LOS a: describe the elements that should be covered in a thorough company research report
LOS b: determine a company’s business model
LOS c: evaluate a company’s revenue and revenue drivers, including pricing power
LOS d: evaluate a company’s operating profitability and working capital using key measures
LOS e: evaluate a company’s capital investments and capital structure
Learning Module 6 – Industry and Competitive Analysis
LOS a: describe the purposes of, and steps involved in, industry and competitive analysis
LOS b: describe industry classification methods and compare methods by which companies can be grouped
LOS c: determine an industry’s size, growth characteristics, profitability, and market share trends
LOS d: analyze an industry’s structure and external influences using Porter’s Five Forces and PESTLE frameworks
LOS e: evaluate the competitive strategy and position of a company
Learning Module 7 – Company Analysis: Forecasting
LOS a: explain principles and approaches to forecasting a company’s financial results and position
LOS b: explain approaches to forecasting a company’s revenues
LOS c: explain approaches to forecasting a company’s operating expenses and working capital
LOS d: explain approaches to forecasting a company’s capital investments and capital structure
LOS e: describe the use of scenario analysis in forecasting
Learning Module 8 – Equity Valuation: Concepts and Basic Tools
LOS a: evaluate whether security, given its current market price and a value estimate, is overvalued, fairly valued, or undervalued by the market
LOS b: describe major categories of equity valuation models
LOS c: describe regular cash dividends, extra dividends, stock dividends, stock splits, reverse stock splits, and share repurchases
LOS d: describe dividend payment chronology
LOS e: explain the rationale for using present value models to value equity and describe the dividend discount and free-cash-flow-to-equity models
LOS f: calculate the intrinsic value of a non-callable, non-convertible preferred stock
LOS g: calculate and interpret the intrinsic value of an equity security based on the Gordon (constant) growth dividend discount model or a two-stage dividend discount model, as appropriate
LOS h: identify characteristics of companies for which the constant growth or a multistage dividend discount model is appropriate
LOS i: explain the rationale for using price multiples to value equity, how the price-to-earnings multiple relates to fundamentals, and the use of multiples based on comparables
LOS j: calculate and interpret the following multiples: price to earnings, price to an estimate of operating cash flow, price to sales, and price to book value
LOS k: describe enterprise value multiples and their use in estimating equity value
LOS l: describe asset-based valuation models and their use in estimating equity value
LOS m: explain the advantages and disadvantages of each category of the valuation model
2026/2027 Curriculum
Learning Module 1: Equity Instrument Features
LOS a: Describe basic features and types of equity instruments
LOS b: Contrast features of publicly listed versus private equity securities
Learning Module 2: Equity Jurisdictions, Classes, and the Voting Process
LOS a: Describe differences in economic and voting rights and other characteristics among different jurisdictions and equity classes
LOS b: Describe the voting process and roles of the issuer’s management, board, proxy advisors, asset managers, and asset owners in the process
Learning Module 3: Equity Issuance and Trading
LOS a: Describe primary and secondary public equity markets and their functions
LOS b: Compare exchange, off-exchange, and over-the-counter equities trading
LOS c: Describe liquidity measures for a publicly listed security and calculate float and average daily volume
LOS d: Describe types of equity indexes
Learning Module 4: Sources of Equity Returns
LOS a: Describe Features and Uses of Dividends, Share Repurchases, Stock Splits, and Reverse Stock Splits
LOS b: Describe Dividend Payment Chronology
LOS c: Calculate Price and Total Return for Equity Securities
Learning Module 5: Introduction to Equity Valuation
LOS a: Contrast price and value for an equity security.
LOS b: contrast the use of book value of equity, market capitalization, and enterprise value as indicators of intrinsic value.
LOS c: Describe major categories of equity valuation models and explain their advantages and disadvantages.
Learning Module 6: Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and Growth Models
LOS a: Contrast the inputs used in dividend discount, free cash flow to equity (FCFE), free cash flow to the firm (FCFF), and residual income models, and explain the process for using present value models to value equity.
LOS b: Calculate and interpret the intrinsic value of an equity security based on present value models that assume constant cash flow growth or multistage cash flow growth.
LOS c: Explain the shortcomings of constant and multistage cash flow growth assumptions in present value models.
LOS d: Calculate the intrinsic value of a non-callable, non-convertible preferred stock and describe how contingency features affect intrinsic value.
Learning Module 7: Relative Value Equity Valuation Approaches
LOS a: Explain the process for using multiples to value equity based on the method of comparables and the method of forecasted fundamentals.
LOS b: Calculate and interpret price and enterprise value multiples, and describe their appropriate uses.
LOS c: Determine a potential peer group for multiples-based equity valuation based on a company’s industry classification or specific drivers of expected return.
LOS d: Describe the use of multiples based on past, current, and projected future values in estimating equity value.
Learning Module 8: Financial Statement Forecasting in Equity Valuation
LOS a: Explain the rationale, construction, and uses of financial statement forecast models in equity valuation
LOS b: Evaluate the construction of an equity valuation model based on characteristics of the subject company
LOS c: Estimate and interpret the value of an equity security based on the outputs of a financial statement forecast model
Learning Module 9: Industry and Competitive Analysis
LOS a: Describe the process of industry and competitive analysis
LOS b: Describe industry classification methods and compare methods by which companies can be grouped
LOS c: Determine an industry’s size, growth characteristics, profitability, and market share trends
LOS d: Analyze an industry’s structure and external influences using Porter’s Five Forces and the PESTLE framework
Learning Module 10: Company Analysis Past, Present, and Future
LOS a: Explain a company’s competitive strategy and position within an industry.
LOS b: Evaluate a company’s revenue drivers, operating profitability, and pricing power.
LOS c: Evaluate a company’s working capital, capital investments, and capital structure
Learning Module 11: Equity Analyst Research Reports
LOS a: Describe the elements that should be covered in a detailed company research report
LOS b: Compare sell-side and buy-side equity analyst reports and their conclusions
LOS c: Explain why value estimates from the same modeling approach may differ based on analyst assumptions regarding revenue, profitability, investment, and financing
Learning Module 12: The Capital Asset Pricing Model, Market Model, and Other Factor-Based Equity Models
LOS a: Explain the application of the CAPM and the market model in estimating a company’s required return on equity
LOS b: Describe the arbitrage pricing theory framework and the practical significance of multi-factor models in equity investing.
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