Artificial Intelligence Risk & Governance
After completing this reading, you should be able to: Identify and discuss the categories of potential risks associated with the use of AI by financial firms and describe the risks that are considered under each category. Describe the four core…
Cognitive Errors Vs. Emotional Biases
Distinguishing between cognitive and emotional bias is not always a binary process. Some biases manifest elements of both cognitive and emotional aspects. Categorizing biases as cognitive or emotional is useful to analysts and advisors in answering the question of…
Common Behavioral Biases
Mnemonic Devices for Easy Recall Cognitive: Use the following mnemonic device to remind yourself of cognitive biases: Con-Con-Con-Rep-Hind + FAMA (think Fama and French). Emotional: To remember emotional biases, use the following mnemonic device: LESSOR (the owner of an…
VaR Mapping
After completing this reading, you should be able to: Explain the principles underlying VaR mapping, and describe the mapping process. Explain how the mapping process captures general and specific risks. Differentiate among the three methods of mapping portfolios of fixed…
Measures of Financial Risk
After completing this reading, you should be able to: Describe the mean-variance framework and an efficient frontier. Compare the normal distribution with the typical distribution of returns of risky financial assets such as equities. Define the VaR measure of risk,…
The Future Monetary System
After completing this reading, you should be able to: Identify and describe the benefits and limitations of crypto and decentralized finance (DeFi) innovations. Describe the role of stablecoins in DeFi ecosystems and differentiate among the types of stablecoins. Discuss possible…
Basel III: Finalizing Post-crisis Reforms
After completing this reading, the candidate should be able to: Explain the elements of the new standardized approach to measuring operational risk capital, including the business indicator, internal loss multiplier, and loss component, and calculate the operational risk capital requirement…
Capital Regulation Before the Global Financial Crisis
After completing this reading, you should be able to: Explain the motivations for introducing the Basel regulations, including key risk exposures addressed, and explain the reasons for revisions to Basel regulations over time. Explain the calculation of risk-weighted assets and…
Solvency, Liquidity and Other Regulation After the Global Financial Crisis
After completing this reading, you should be able to: Describe and calculate the stressed VaR introduced in Basel 2.5, and calculate the market risk capital charge. Explain the process of calculating the incremental risk capital charge for positions held in…
High-level Summary of Basel III Reforms
After completing this reading, you should be able to: Explain the motivations for revising the Basel III framework and the goals and impacts of the December 2017 reforms to the Basel III framework. Summarize the December 2017 revisions to the Basel…
