The Impact of Competitive Position on Prices and Costs
Analysts forecast items such as revenues and profit margins. The competitive environment in which a company operates affects these items. Further, analysts’ projections for these items are based on an estimate of a company’s future competitive strength. Analysts use Michael...
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The Impact of Competitive Position on Prices and Costs
Analysts forecast such things as revenues and profit margins. These things are affected by the competitive environment in which a company operates. Note that analysts base their projections on an estimate of a company’s future competitive strength. Analysts use Michael...
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Forecasting Costs
Forecasting COGS The cost of goods sold (COGS) includes raw materials, direct labor, and overhead costs used in producing the goods. COGS is directly related to sales and forecasted as a percentage of sales. Historical data on a company’s COGS...
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Building a Model to Value a Firm

 

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Modeling Non-operating Costs and Other Items

Financing Expenses Financing costs comprise interest expense and interest income, which are typically netted. Interest income is less significant to non-financial companies but a key revenue component for financial institutions such as banks and insurance companies. Interest income depends on…

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Behavioral Finance and Analyst Forecasts

Financial statement models are not immune to behavioral biases. Analysts must be aware of the impact of behavioral biases and solutions to improve investment decisions and forecasts. The five key behavioral biases are overconfidence, conservatism, confirmation bias, the illusion of…

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Balance Sheet Modeling
Some balance sheet items, such as retained earnings, flow directly from the income statement. Others, such as accounts receivable, inventory, and accounts payable, are closely linked to income statement projections. Working capital accounts are forecasted using efficiency ratios. For example,...
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Income Statement Modeling: Revenue

Analysts use three approaches to project future revenue. Top-down approach. Bottom-up approach. Hybrid approach. Top-down Approach The top-down approach begins at the level of the overall economy. Forecasts are then narrowed to such levels as sector, industry, and market for…

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Income Statement Modeling: Revenue

Analysts use three approaches to project future revenue. Top-down approach. Bottom-up approach. Hybrid approach. Top-down Approach The top-down approach begins at the level of the overall economy. Forecasts are then made at narrower levels, such as sector, industry, and market…

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Investment Action Evaluation

We will use an example to illustrate investment action evaluation for joint ventures, acquisitions, and equity investments. De Monte De Monte is a company that makes and sells vintage brandy and cognac. For the past five years, the company has…

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