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Shortfall Risk, Safety-first Ratio, and Identification of an Optimal Portfolio Using Roy’s Safety-first Criterion
Shortfall risk refers to the probability that a portfolio will not exceed the minimum (benchmark) return that an investor has set. In other words, it is the risk that a portfolio will fall short of the level of return an…
Selecting Data Visualization Types
Guide to Selecting Visualization Types For numerical data, use a histogram, frequency polygon, or cumulative distribution chart. For category-based data, use a bar chart, tree-map, or heat map. For unstructured data, use a word cloud. For displaying relationships between two…
Alternative Mean Definitions for Different Investment Problems
Suitability of Alternative Mean Definitions for Different Investment Problems $$ \begin{array}{l|l} \textbf { Type of Data } & \textbf { Mean to Use } \\ \hline \text { Single period data } & \text { Arithmetic mean } \\ \hline…
