Defining Properties of Probability
Defining properties of a probability refers to the rules that constitute any given probability. These are:
Probability in Terms of Odds
Odds for and against an event represent a ratio of the desired outcomes versus the field. In other words, the odds for an event are the ratio of the number of ways the event can occur to the number of…
Introduction to Probability Concepts
Probability is a measure of the likelihood that something will happen. We usually express probabilities as percentages, from 0% (impossible to happen) to 100% (guaranteed). We can express almost any event as a probability. For instance, we can gauge the…
Selecting Data Visualization Types
Guide to Selecting Visualization Types For numerical data, use a histogram, frequency polygon, or cumulative distribution chart. For category-based data, use a bar chart, tree-map, or heat map. For unstructured data, use a word cloud. For displaying relationships between two…
Unimodal Distribution – Locations of the Mean, Mode and the Median
[vsw id=”alD9eAT2lQU” source=”youtube” width=”611″ height=”344″ autoplay=”no”] A unimodal distribution is a distribution that has one clear peak. The values increase first, rising to a single highest point where they then start to decrease. A unimodal distribution can either be symmetrical…
The Short-run and Long-run Aggregate Supply Curve
[vsw id=”cRMasYNNsVA” source=”youtube” width=”611″ height=”344″ autoplay=”no”] Aggregate supply refers to the total amount of goods and services that firms in an economy are both willing and able to sell at a given price level. We must differentiate between the short-…
Correlation in CFA Level 1 (With Examples)
Covariance Covariance is a measure of how two variables move together. The sample covariance of X and Y is calculated as follows: $$\mathrm{S}_{\mathrm{XY}}=\frac{\sum_{\mathrm{i}=1}^{\mathrm{N}}\left(\mathrm{X}_{\mathrm{i}}-\overline{\mathrm{X}}\right)\left(\mathrm{Y}_{\mathrm{i}}-\overline{\mathrm{Y}}\right)}{\mathrm{n}-1}$$ A major drawback of covariance is that it is difficult to interpret since its value can vary…
