Fiscal Policy
Monetary policy and fiscal policy refer to government policies and tools used to control macroeconomic variables and financial markets. Whenever economic activities start to slow down, these tools are used to accelerate growth. Similarly, when the economy starts to overheat, they moderate inflation.
Both monetary and fiscal policies have an overall objective of creating an economic environment where growth is positive and stable. Inflation should be stable and low. In such a good economic environment, corporations can focus on their investment decisions. They can maximize profits for their shareholders. Households, on the other hand, can feel secure with their savings.
Generally, monetary policy refers to the actions of a central bank that are aimed at determining or influencing the money supply within the economy. Also, one of the major objectives of monetary policy is to ensure financial and price stability.
Monetary policies use quite a number of instruments through central banks to accomplish their objectives. Some of them include:
Fiscal policy refers to government decisions on taxation and spending. These decisions affect a number of factors in the economy, including:
The primary goal of the fiscal policy is to control the economy of a given country by influencing the total national output (GDP).
Question
Which of the following is least likely an instrument of monetary policy?
A. Change in reserve requirements
B. Decisions about taxation and spending
C. Open market operations
Solution
The correct answer is B.
Decisions about taxation and spending is a tool used in fiscal policy through government policies.
Options A and C are incorrect. Changes in reserve requirements, open market operations, selective credit controls, and bank rate variation policies are all monetary policies.
Reading 16 LOS 16a:
Compare monetary and fiscal policy.