Standard III (C) – Suitability 1. When Members and Candidates are in an advisory relationship with a client, they must: Make a reasonable inquiry into a client’s or prospective client’s investment experience, risk and return objectives, and financial constraints prior to…

Standard III (B) – Fair Dealing Members and Candidates must deal fairly and objectively with all clients when providing investment analysis, making investment recommendations, taking investment action, or engaging in other professional activities. Members and Candidates are required to treat…

Standard III(A) – Loyalty, Prudence, and Care Members and Candidates have a duty of loyalty to their clients and must act with reasonable care and exercise prudent judgment. Members and Candidates must act for the benefit of their clients and…

Standard II (B) – Market Manipulation Members and Candidates must not engage in practices that distort prices or artificially inflate trading volume with the intent to mislead market participants.  Guidance Members are required to comply with Standard II(B) – Market…

Standard II (A) – Material Nonpublic Information Members and Candidates who possess material nonpublic information that could affect the value of an investment must not act or cause others to act on the information. Guidance Trading or causing others to…

Standard I (D) – Misconduct Members and Candidates must not engage in any professional conduct involving dishonesty fraud, or deceit, or commit any act that reflects adversely on their professional reputation, integrity, or competence. Guidance Standard I(D) – Misconduct addresses…

Standard I (C) – Misrepresentation Members and Candidates must not knowingly make any misrepresentations relating to investment analysis, recommendations, actions, or other professional activities. Trust is paramount in the investment profession. Misrepresentation is broadly defined as making any false statements or…

Standard 1(A) – Knowledge of the Law Members and Candidates must understand and comply with all applicable laws, rules, and regulations (including the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct) of any government, regulatory organization, licensing agency,…

Standard I (B) – Independence and Objectivity Members and Candidates must use reasonable care and judgment to achieve and maintain independence and objectivity in their professional activities. Members and Candidates must not offer, solicit, or accept any gift, benefit, compensation,…

Firm in Investment In the field of investment, a firm is typically an investment firm, a subsidiary, or a division that is showcased to the public as a separate business entity. This distinct business entity could be a unit, division,…