Process and Principles of Capital Allocation
Capital allocation describes the process companies use to make decisions on capital projects, i.e., projects with a lifespan of one year or more. It is a cost-benefit exercise that seeks to produce results and benefits which are greater than the…
Types of Capital Investments Made by Companies
Capital investments are undertaken to either maintain the existing business or/and grow it. There are four main types of capital investments: Going concern (or maintenance) projects. Regulatory or compliance projects. Expansion projects. Other projects. While growth projects and other projects…
International Organizations
The global trade decline in the 1940s had some negative impacts. The living standards of people fell, and unemployment became a chronic issue. Due to this, there was a need to create international organizations to oversee economic relationships among countries….
How Decisions Affect Balance of Payments
Balance of payments has a great impact on the movement of exchange rates and international trade. When a country is faced with trade deficits, it’s likely to experience a fall in its reserves and a depreciation of its currency. As…
Balance of Payments Accounts
A balance of payments is a combined account of receipts and payments to and from other nations that arise from economic activities undertaken annually. According to C.B Kindleberger, “the balance of payments of a country is a systematic record of…
Objectives of Capital Restrictions
Capital restrictions are the measures that governments or central banks take to control the flow of foreign money in and out of a country’s economy. Government controls include tariffs, taxes, volume capital restrictions, etc.
Trading Blocs, Common Markets, and Economic Unions
Trading Blocs A trading bloc is defined as a number of nations within a geographical area that guard themselves against imports and non-members. Trading blocs bring countries together and increase the conditions for imports. Regional barriers to trade, i.e., tariffs,…
Implications of Trade and Capital Restrictions
Trade Restrictions Governments restrict international trade by imposing trade policies to shield domestic producers from competition. The main types of trade restrictions are discussed below. Tariffs
Ricardian and Heckscher–Ohlin Models of Trade
Ricardian and Heckscher-Ohlin models of trade generally describe countries’ differences. Further, they give important insights into patterns and determinants of trade.
Comparative Advantage vs Absolute Advantage
A country producing goods at a lower cost than its trading partner has an absolute advantage. On the other hand, a country is said to have a comparative advantage over others in the production of a particular good if it…
