{"id":33413,"date":"2023-11-22T12:04:53","date_gmt":"2023-11-22T12:04:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/study-notes\/?p=33413"},"modified":"2026-08-10T10:03:01","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T10:03:01","slug":"liability-driven-investing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/study-notes\/cfa-level-iii\/liability-driven-investing\/","title":{"rendered":"Liability-Driven Investing"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MG3KPtTcAWA\" width=\"611\" height=\"343\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Liability-Driven Investing (LDI) is primarily an institutional investor strategy suitable for entities with known future financial obligations. Insurance companies and defined benefit (DB) pension plans are common examples.<\/p>\n<h2>Common Terminology<\/h2>\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>Asset-Liability Management (ALM) \u2013 A strategy that considers how assets align with liabilities, often used when they have similar durations.<\/li>\n<li>Liability-Driven Investing (LDI) \u2013 Focusing on meeting known future obligations and adjusting asset management accordingly, common in insurance.<\/li>\n<li>Asset-Driven Investing (ADI) \u2013 Concentrating on existing assets and structuring liabilities accordingly, such as in leasing companies.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 28px 0;\"><a style=\"display: inline-block; padding: 14px 28px; border-radius: 9999px; background: #1a73e8; color: #ffffff; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.2; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/free-trial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Explore liability-driven investing strategies with our Free Trial. <\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Four Types of Liabilities<\/h2>\n<p>$$ \\begin{array}{c|c|c|c} {\\textbf{Liability} \\\\ \\textbf{Type}} &amp; {\\textbf{Amount of} \\\\ \\textbf{Cash Flows}} &amp; {\\textbf{Timing of} \\\\ \\textbf{Cash Flows}} &amp; \\textbf{Examples} \\\\ \\hline \\text{Type I} &amp; \\text{Known} &amp; \\text{Known} &amp; \\text{Option free, fixed-rate bonds} \\\\ \\hline \\text{Type II} &amp; \\text{Known} &amp; \\text{Not Known} &amp; \\text{Callable or puttable bonds} \\\\ \\hline \\text{Type III} &amp; \\text{Not Known} &amp; \\text{Known} &amp; \\text{Floating rate bonds, TIPS} \\\\ \\hline \\text{Type IV} &amp; \\text{Not Known} &amp; \\text{Not Known} &amp; { \\text{Property, casualty insurers,} \\\\ \\text{some DB pension plans} } \\end{array} $$<\/p>\n<p>For type I liabilities, Macaulay Duration is sufficient. This is due to their relative simplicity, having both known payment amounts and known timing of payouts. The other types require effective duration.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h2>Question<\/h2>\n<p>Known cash flow amounts with unknown timing <em>most accurately<\/em> describes which liability type?<\/p>\n<ol type=\"A\">\n<li>Type III.<\/li>\n<li>Type IV.<\/li>\n<li>Type II.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Solution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The correct answer is C.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>$$ \\begin{array}{c|c|c|c} {\\textbf{Liability} \\\\ \\textbf{Type}} &amp; {\\textbf{Amount of} \\\\ \\textbf{Cash Flows}} &amp; {\\textbf{Timing of} \\\\ \\textbf{Cash Flows}} &amp; \\textbf{Examples} \\\\ \\hline \\text{Type I} &amp; \\text{Known} &amp; \\text{Known} &amp; \\text{Option free, fixed-rate bonds} \\\\ \\hline \\text{Type II} &amp; \\text{Known} &amp; \\text{Not Known} &amp; \\text{Callable or puttable bonds} \\\\ \\hline \\text{Type III} &amp; \\text{Not Known} &amp; \\text{Known} &amp; \\text{Floating rate bonds, TIPS} \\\\ \\hline \\text{Type IV} &amp; \\text{Not Known} &amp; \\text{Not Known} &amp; { \\text{Property, casualty insurers,} \\\\ \\text{some DB pension plans} } \\end{array} $$<\/p>\n<p>It is important to note that candidates may need to know not only the makeup of a liability type but also its respective number. A best practice is to memorize the examples along with the liability type and its respective number. This often helps anchor the memory as opposed to leaving the examples out of the memorization process.\u2003<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Reading 20: Liability-Driven and Index-Based Strategies<\/p>\n<p>Los 20 (a) Describe liability-driven investing<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 32px 0;\"><a style=\"display: inline-block; padding: 14px 26px; border-radius: 9999px; background: #1a73e8; color: #ffffff; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; line-height: 1.2; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/free-trial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Start Free Trial \u2192 <\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"max-width: 720px; margin: 28px auto 0; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; text-align: center;\">Strengthen your understanding of liability-driven investing, asset-liability management, liability types, and strategies for aligning portfolios with future obligations through CFA Level III study notes, practice questions, mock exams, and video lessons.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Liability-Driven Investing (LDI) is primarily an institutional investor strategy suitable for entities with known future financial obligations. Insurance companies and defined benefit (DB) pension plans are common examples. Common Terminology Asset-Liability Management (ALM) \u2013 A strategy that considers how assets&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[571],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cfa-level-iii","blog-post","no-post-thumbnail","animate"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Liability-Driven Investing | CFA Level III<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn liability-driven investing, including asset-liability management, liability matching, cash flow timing, and strategies for institutional investors.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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