{"id":18079,"date":"2021-07-20T07:25:41","date_gmt":"2021-07-20T07:25:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/study-notes\/?p=18079"},"modified":"2026-06-12T07:52:26","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T07:52:26","slug":"financial-determinants-of-growth-rates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/study-notes\/cfa-level-2\/financial-determinants-of-growth-rates\/","title":{"rendered":"Financial Determinants of Growth Rates"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\r\n{\r\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\r\n  \"@type\": \"QAPage\",\r\n  \"mainEntity\": {\r\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\r\n    \"name\": \"Sustainable growth rate for Blue and Green Enterprises\",\r\n    \"text\": \"Consider two companies with the following information: Blue Enterprises has an ROA of 13%, a retention rate of 30%, and an equity multiplier of 1.3. Green Enterprises has an ROA of 13%, a retention rate of 40%,_attach an equity multiplier of 1.8. Given this information, what are the sustainable growth rates for Blue and Green Enterprises?\",\r\n    \"answerCount\": 1,\r\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\r\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\r\n      \"text\": \"The sustainable growth rate is calculated as g = ROE \u00d7 retention rate, where ROE = ROA \u00d7 equity multiplier. For Blue Enterprises, g = 13% \u00d7 1.3 \u00d7 30% = 5.07%. For Green Enterprises, g = 13% \u00d7 1.8 \u00d7 40% = 9.36%.\"\r\n    }\r\n  }\r\n}\r\n<\/script><\/p>\r\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fiJA5WhgigU\" width=\"611\" height=\"343\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Sustainable Growth Rate<\/h2>\r\n<p>Sustainable growth rate (SGR) is the growth rate of dividends (and earnings) that a company can maintain for a given return on equity (ROE), assuming that the capital structure remains unchanged, and no additional common stock is issued. The SGR can be used as an input in the Gordon Growth Model.<\/p>\r\n<p>Sustainable growth rate (SGR) can be calculated as:<\/p>\r\n<p>$$\\text{g}=\\text{b}\\times\\text{ROE}$$<\/p>\r\n<p>Where:<\/p>\r\n<p>\\(\\text{g}=\\) Dividend growth rate.<\/p>\r\n<p>\\(\\text{b}=\\) earnings retention rate (1 \u2212 Dividend payout ratio).<\/p>\r\n<p>The higher the return on equity, the higher the sustainable dividend\/earnings growth rate. The higher the earnings retention rate, the higher the sustainable dividend\/earnings growth rate. This relationship is known as the dividend displacement of earnings.<\/p>\r\n<p>The SGR equation can be expanded to examine what drives ROE:<\/p>\r\n<p>$$\\text{ROE}=\\frac{\\text{Net income}}{\\text{Shareholder&#8217;s equity}}$$<\/p>\r\n<p>ROE can be related to return on assets (ROA) and the extent of financial leverage (equity multiplier):<\/p>\r\n<p>$$\\text{ROE}=\\frac{\\text{Net income}}{\\text{Total assets}}\\times\\frac{\\text{Total assets}}{\\text{Shareholders&#8217; equity}}$$<\/p>\r\n<p>A company can therefore increase its ROE either by increasing ROA or using leverage.<\/p>\r\n<p>The ROE equation can be expanded further by breaking ROA into two components, profit margin and turnover (efficiency):<\/p>\r\n<p>$$\\text{ROE}=\\frac{\\text{Net income}}{\\text{Sales}}\\times\\frac{\\text{Sales}}{\\text{Total assets}}\\times\\frac{\\text{Total assets}}{\\text{Shareholders&#8217; equity}}$$<\/p>\r\n<p>The first term is the company\u2019s profit margin. A high-profit margin will result in a\u00a0high ROE. The second term calculates total asset turnover, which is the company\u2019s\u00a0efficiency. A high turnover will result in high ROE. The third term is the equity multiplier.<\/p>\r\n<p>This relationship is widely known as the DuPont model. The PRAT model is a method to calculate the sustainable growth rate using the DuPont model. By combining these equations, the dividend growth rate can be calculated as:<\/p>\r\n<p>$$ \\begin{align*} \\text{g}&amp;=\\text{Profit margin}\\times\\text{Retention rate}\\times\\text{Asset turnover}\\times\\text{Financial leverage} \\\\ \\\\ &amp;=\\frac{\\text{Net income}-\\text{Dividends}}{\\text{Net income}}\\times\\frac{\\text{Net income}}{\\text{Sales}}\\times\\frac{\\text{Sales}}{\\text{Totals assets}}\\times\\frac{\\text{Total assets}}{\\text{Shareholders&#8217; equity}} \\end{align*} $$<\/p>\r\n<p>Where:<\/p>\r\n<p>\\(\\frac{\\text{Net income}-\\text{Dividends}}{\\text{Net income}}\\) is the retentio ratio.<\/p>\r\n<p>And the rest of the equation is the ROE.<\/p>\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 30px 0;\"><a style=\"display: inline-block; background: #2f6fdf; color: #ffffff; padding: 12px 30px; border-radius: 30px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;\" href=\"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/free-trial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Master Sustainable Growth Rate Analysis <\/a><\/div>\r\n<h4>Example: Sustainable Growth Rate<\/h4>\r\n<p>Consider the following information:<\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Profit margin = 4%.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Total asset turnover = 1.2.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Equity multiplier = 1.75.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>Retention ratio = 65%.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>The sustainable growth rate (SGR) is <em>closest<\/em> to:\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<h4>Solution<\/h4>\r\n<p>$$\\begin{align*}\\text{g}&amp;=\\frac{\\text{Net income}}{\\text{Sales}}\\times\\frac{\\text{Net income}-\\text{Dividends}}{\\text{Net income}}\\times\\frac{\\text{Sales}}{\\text{Totals assets}}\\times\\frac{\\text{Total assets}}{\\text{Shareholders&#8217; equity}}\\\\&amp;=0.65\\times4\\%\\times1.2\\times1.75\\\\&amp;=5.46\\%\\end{align*}$$<\/p>\r\n<p>A company with a higher earnings retention and higher financial leverage (equity multiplier) will have a higher sustainable dividend growth rate.<\/p>\r\n<blockquote>\r\n<h2>Question<\/h2>\r\n<p>Consider two companies with the following information:<\/p>\r\n<p>$$\\small{\\begin{array}{l|c|c|c}{}&amp; \\textbf{ROA} &amp; \\textbf{Retention rate} &amp; \\textbf{Equity multiplier}\\\\ \\hline\\text{Blue Enterprises} &amp; 13\\% &amp; 30\\% &amp; 1.3 \\\\ \\hline\\text{Green Enterprises} &amp; 13\\% &amp; 40\\% &amp; 1.8\\\\ \\end{array}}$$<\/p>\r\n<p>Given the above information, the sustainable growth rate for Blue and Green are <em>closest <\/em>to:<\/p>\r\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha;\">\r\n\t<li>3.9% and 5.2%, respectively.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>5.07% and 9.36%, respectively.<\/li>\r\n\t<li>3.9% and 7.2%, respectively.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h4>Solution<\/h4>\r\n<p><strong>The correct answer is B:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>The formula for the sustainable growth rate is:<\/p>\r\n<p>$$\\text{g}=\\text{b}\\times\\text{ROE}$$<\/p>\r\n<p>For Blue:<\/p>\r\n<p>$$\\text{g}=13\\%\\times30\\%\\times1.3=5.07\\%$$<\/p>\r\n<p>For Green:<\/p>\r\n<p>$$\\text{g}=13\\%\\times40\\%\\times1.8=9.36\\%$$<\/p>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<p>Reading 23: Discounted Dividend Valuation<\/p>\r\n<p><em>LOS 23 (o) Calculate and interpret the sustainable growth rate of a company and demonstrate the use of DuPont analysis to estimate a company\u2019s sustainable growth rate.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 50px auto 30px auto; max-width: 850px;\"><a style=\"display: inline-block; background: #2f6fdf; color: #ffffff; padding: 14px 36px; border-radius: 30px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600;\" href=\"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/free-trial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Start Free Trial \u2192 <\/a>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 18px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; color: #444; max-width: 750px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">Practice sustainable growth rate calculations, retention ratio analysis, return on equity decomposition, and financial leverage evaluation with study notes, practice questions, video lessons, and mock exams.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sustainable Growth Rate Sustainable growth rate (SGR) is the growth rate of dividends (and earnings) that a company can maintain for a given return on equity (ROE), assuming that the capital structure remains unchanged, and no additional common stock is&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[102,401],"tags":[216,402,456,440],"class_list":["post-18079","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cfa-level-2","category-equity-valuation","tag-cfa-level-2","tag-equity-valuation","tag-financial-determinants-of-growth-rates","tag-reading-27-discounted-dividend-valuation","blog-post","no-post-thumbnail","animate"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This 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