{"id":11344,"date":"2021-02-18T09:38:01","date_gmt":"2021-02-18T09:38:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/study-notes\/?p=11344"},"modified":"2026-07-09T19:13:33","modified_gmt":"2026-07-09T19:13:33","slug":"standard-iv-loyalty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/study-notes\/cfa-level-2\/standard-iv-loyalty\/","title":{"rendered":"Standard IV (A) \u2013 Loyalty"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/IHZ1FXaWZmk\" width=\"611\" height=\"343\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"QAPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"Which action most likely violates Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty when soliciting former clients?\",\n    \"text\": \"Judy Francis is an investment manager for several high-net-worth individuals. She has notified EY Partners of her intention to leave the firm. Before her termination becomes effective, Francis asks two of her biggest clients to move to her new employer, Lynx Capital. The clients decline and remain with EY Partners. After joining Lynx Capital, she contacts prospective clients that EY Partners was soliciting and gets them to sign with Lynx. She also contacts current EY Partners clients using publicly available information. Francis had not signed a non-compete agreement. Which of Francis\u2019 actions most likely violates Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty? A. Soliciting clients at EY Partners before her termination was in effect. B. Signing EY Partners\u2019 prospective clients after joining her new firm. C. Contacting EY Partners\u2019 current clients using publicly available information.\",\n    \"answerCount\": 1,\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"The correct answer is A. Francis violated Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty by soliciting clients before her termination from EY Partners became effective. While still employed, she owed a duty of loyalty to her employer and was required to act in the employer\u2019s best interest. Asking clients to move to her future employer before leaving EY Partners conflicts with that duty. After leaving, she may contact former clients or prospective clients, provided she does not use confidential employer information and has not signed a valid non-compete agreement.\"\n    }\n  }\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"QAPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"Which action least likely violates Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty regarding ownership of completed prior work?\",\n    \"text\": \"Zachariah Davis has recently completed an unpaid internship at Zane Brokers. During his internship, he worked on automating trading reporting procedures by developing and improving existing code. Davis has been hired as a trading assistant at another brokerage firm, where his primary task is to establish reporting procedures similar to those he worked on at Zane Brokers. Which of Davis\u2019 potential actions would least likely violate Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty? A. Copying the code he used at Zane without permission. B. Using his experiences and knowledge at Zane to recreate the code at his new employer with minor tweaks to fit his new employer\u2019s needs. C. None of the above.\",\n    \"answerCount\": 1,\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"The correct answer is B. Davis would least likely violate Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty by using the experience and knowledge he gained at Zane Brokers to recreate similar code for his new employer. Members and candidates may use general knowledge, skills, and experience gained from prior employment. However, work product created during the internship belongs to the former employer, even if the internship was unpaid. Copying or taking the actual code without permission would violate the standard.\"\n    }\n  }\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"QAPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"Has an employee violated Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty by preparing to start a new firm before leaving his current employer?\",\n    \"text\": \"Craig Fisher currently works at Generous Finance, an impact investing fund. He is planning to start a firm with his business partner. They have applied for a brokerage license from the relevant regulatory authorities. Fisher has not notified his employer about his intention to start his own firm. Neither Fisher nor his partner has solicited any clients at their current employers. Has Fisher violated Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty? A. No. B. Yes, because he has not notified his current employer about starting his firm. C. Yes, because he is not allowed to take steps in setting up his firm before leaving his employer.\",\n    \"answerCount\": 1,\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"The correct answer is A. Fisher has not violated Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty. Employees may make preparations to start a new business before leaving their current employer as long as those preparations do not conflict with their duties to the employer. Fisher has not solicited clients, used employer resources, or acted against his employer\u2019s interests based on the information provided. A violation could occur if he made preparations during office hours, used employer resources, or solicited clients before leaving.\"\n    }\n  }\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"QAPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"Does contacting former clients using a client list from a previous employer violate Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty?\",\n    \"text\": \"Gary Clark has recently joined Axe Corporation. Clark did not sign a non-compete agreement at his previous firm. He retrieves a copy of a client list on his personal laptop and contacts several of his former clients. Are any of Clark\u2019s actions in conflict with Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty? A. Yes, he is not allowed to solicit clients at his former employer. B. Yes, contacting clients from a client list obtained from his previous employer is prohibited. C. No.\",\n    \"answerCount\": 1,\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"The correct answer is B. Clark violated Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty by using a client list obtained from his previous employer to contact former clients. The standard does not automatically prohibit former employees from contacting clients of a previous employer, especially when no non-compete agreement exists. However, members and candidates may not use client lists, confidential records, or other materials taken from a former employer to solicit clients.\"\n    }\n  }\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p>In matters related to their employment, Members and Candidates must act for the benefit of their employer and not deprive their employer of the advantage of their skills and abilities, divulge confidential information, or otherwise cause harm to their employer.<\/p>\n<p>Members and Candidates must not engage in any activity that would injure the firm, deprive it of profit, or deny it of a Member or Candidate\u2019s skills and abilities. Members and Candidates must <strong><em>always<\/em><\/strong> put the interests of their clients before their employers.<\/p>\n<p>However, Standard IV(A) does not require Members or Candidates to put their employer\u2019s interests before their own in all instances. Members and Candidates should enter discussions with their employer about balancing personal and work responsibilities, especially if there is a noticeable conflict.<\/p>\n<h2>Employer Responsibilities<\/h2>\n<p>Employers owe various duties and responsibilities to their employees. Members and Candidates are encouraged to share a copy of the Code and Standards to their employers. This information will educate employers about the responsibilities and ethical practices followed by a Member or Candidate. Additionally, the Code and Standards serve as a reference for questioning employer policies and practices.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 18px 0;\"><a style=\"display: block; text-align: center; padding: 14px 18px; border: 2px solid #2F5BFF; border-radius: 18px; color: #ffffff ; font-weight: 600; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; background-color: #1a73e8 ;\" href=\"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/free-trial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Master CFA Level 2 loyalty standards with AnalystPrep\u2019s Free Trial. <\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Independent Practice<\/h2>\n<p>Members and Candidates are prohibited from engaging in independent activity that <strong><em>competes<\/em><\/strong> with their employer\u2019s business. Members and Candidates are permitted to start or enter a business while employed.<\/p>\n<p>Members and Candidates who plan to engage in independent practice for compensation must notify their employer of the:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Types of services they plan to offer;<\/li>\n<li>Duration of the services; and<\/li>\n<li>Compensation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Members and Candidates should not render any services until they receive consent from their employer.<\/p>\n<h2>Leaving an Employer<\/h2>\n<p>Members and Candidates must serve in the best interest of their employer even if they are due to leave the firm. Members and Candidates must refrain from engaging in activities that would conflict with the duty of loyalty to their current employers.<\/p>\n<p>Actions <em>permitted<\/em> by a former or departing employee include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Making arrangements to enter a competitive business or firm before terminating their contract.<\/li>\n<li>Using the skills and experience gained at their previous firm.<\/li>\n<li>Contacting clients of their previous firm after leaving his or her employer if there is no \u201cnon-compete\u201d in place.<\/li>\n<li>Using public information to contact former clients.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Actions <em>prohibited<\/em> by a former or departing employee include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Soliciting existing or potential clients before leaving his or her employer.<\/li>\n<li>The use or removal of work (in electronic or physical) performed for the employer.<\/li>\n<li>Violating an enforceable non-compete.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Use of Social Media<\/h2>\n<p>Members and Candidates should understand and comply with their firm\u2019s policies regarding acceptable social media communication with current and prospective clients. This is particularly relevant when the communication concerns leaving their current employer. The best practice is for Members and Candidates to have separate accounts for their personal and professional activities.<\/p>\n<h2>Whistleblowing<\/h2>\n<p>Protecting the integrity of capital markets and the interests of each client is paramount. There may be instances in which a Member or Candidate may need to violate the duty to employers in order to act in the best interest of capital markets and their clients. Actions that violate a Member or Candidate\u2019s duty of loyalty are only permitted if the intent is to protect clients or the integrity of capital markets.<\/p>\n<h2>Nature of Employment<\/h2>\n<p>Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty applies to <strong><em>all<\/em><\/strong> employees. Members and Candidates should determine whether they are employees or independent contractors to determine the applicability of the standard. The nature of employment will be largely determined by the degree of control that the employer has over the employee. The duties of a Member or Candidate, in an independent contractor role, will be dictated by the written or oral agreement set by their employer.<\/p>\n<h2>Compliance Recommendations<\/h2>\n<h3>Competition Policy<\/h3>\n<p>Members and Candidates should be aware of any prohibitions set by their employers on engaging in similar services outside the firm. Members and Candidates should ensure that details of a non-compete agreement are fully understood.<\/p>\n<h3>Termination Policy<\/h3>\n<p>Members and Candidates should understand the termination policies of their employers. Termination policies should include procedures on resignation, communication to clients and staff regarding termination, and practices for transferring current work responsibilities.<\/p>\n<h3>Incident-reporting Procedures<\/h3>\n<p>Members and Candidates should be aware of their firm\u2019s whistleblowing procedures and encourage their firms to adopt industry best practices.<\/p>\n<h3>Employee Classification<\/h3>\n<p>Members and Candidates should understand their position in the firm. Firms are encouraged to develop employee classification hierarchies.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h3>Application 1: Soliciting Former Clients<\/h3>\n<p>Judy Francis is an investment manager for several high-net-worth individuals. She is frustrated by the working environment at EY Partners. Francis has notified her employer of her intentions to leave the firm. Before her termination comes into effect, Francis asks two of her biggest clients to move to her new employer Lynx Capital. Her clients decline and maintain their relationship with her former employer.<\/p>\n<p>After joining Lynx Capital, she contacts prospective clients that EY Partners was soliciting, and she manages to get these clients to sign with Lynx. Additionally, she gets in touch with current EY Partners clients using publicly available information. Francis had not signed a non-compete agreement when she was employed at EY Partners.<\/p>\n<p>Which of Francis\u2019 actions <em>most<\/em> <span style=\"font-style: normal !msorm;\"><em>likely<\/em><\/span> violate Standard IV(A)\u00a0\u2013 Loyalty?<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 A. Soliciting clients at EY Partners before her termination was in effect.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 B. Signing EY Partners\u2019 prospective clients after joining her new firm.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 C. Contacting EY Partners\u2019 current clients using publicly available information.<\/p>\n<h4>Solution<\/h4>\n<p><strong><em>The correct answer is A.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Francis has violated Standard IV \u2013 Loyalty by soliciting clients before leaving her former employer. Her actions are not in the best interest of her employer. Francis is allowed to contact her former clients and her former employer\u2019s prospective clients, provided she did not sign a non-compete.<\/p>\n<h3>Application 2: Ownership of Completed Prior Work<\/h3>\n<p>Zachariah Davis has recently completed an unpaid internship at Zane Brokers. During his internship, he worked on automating trading reporting procedures. His work involved developing and improving existing code. Davis has been hired as a trading assistant at a different brokerage firm. His primary task is to establish reporting procedures, similar to the work he did at Zane Brokers.<\/p>\n<p>Which of Davis\u2019 potential actions would <em>least<\/em> <span style=\"font-style: normal !msorm;\"><em>likely<\/em><\/span> violate Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty?<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 A. Copying the code he used at Zane without permission.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 B. Using his experiences and knowledge at Zane to recreate the code at his new employer with minor tweaks to fit his new employer&#8217;s needs.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 C. None of the above.<\/p>\n<h4>Solution<\/h4>\n<p><strong><em>The correct answer is B.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Davis is permitted to use the experience and knowledge gained during his internship at his new employer.<\/p>\n<p>However, any work produced during his internship belongs to his employer. Using a copy of the code without permission from his former employer would be a violation.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-style: normal !msorm;\"><em>Note<\/em><\/span>: The internship being unpaid is not relevant; Davis presumably used company resources to develop the work product.<\/p>\n<h3>Application 3: Starting a New Firm<\/h3>\n<p>Craig Fisher currently works at Generous Finance \u2013 an impact investing fund. He is planning to start a firm with his business partner. They have recently made an application to secure a brokerage license to the relevant regulatory authorities. Fisher has not notified his employer about his intentions of starting his own firm. Neither Fisher nor his partner has solicited any clients at their current employers.<\/p>\n<p>Has Fisher violated Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty?<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0A. No.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0B. Yes, because he has not notified his current employer about starting his firm.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0C. Yes, because he is not allowed to take steps in setting up his firm before leaving his employer.<\/p>\n<h4>Solution<\/h4>\n<p><strong><em>The correct answer is A.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Fisher has not violated Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty. His preparations in setting up his firm do not conflict with his current obligations at his current employer. Fisher could potentially violate Standard IV(A) if he made the preparations during office hours or at his employer\u2019s expense.<\/p>\n<h3>Application 4: Soliciting Former Clients<\/h3>\n<p>Gary Clark has recently joined Axe Corporation. Clark did not sign a non-compete at his previous firm. He retrieves a copy of a client list on his personal laptop and contacts several of his former clients.<\/p>\n<p>Are any of Clark\u2019s actions in conflict with Standard IV(A) \u2013 Loyalty?<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 A. Yes, he is not allowed to solicit clients at his former employer.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 B. Yes, contacting clients from a client list obtained from his previous employer is prohibited.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 C. No.<\/p>\n<h4>Solution<\/h4>\n<p><strong><em>The correct answer is B.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Clark has violated Standard IV \u2013 Loyalty by soliciting former clients through the use of a client list. Standard IV(A) <strong><em>does not<\/em><\/strong> prohibit former employees from contacting clients at their previous firm. A Member or Candidate is not allowed to contact clients through the use of a client list or any other material obtained from a previous employer.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Reading 46: Guidance for The Standards of Professional Conduct (I-VII)<\/p>\n<p><em>LOS 46 (a) <\/em><em>Demonstrate a thorough knowledge of the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct by applying the Code and Standards to specific situations.<\/em><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center; margin: 30px 0;\"><a style=\"display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 12px 26px; border-radius: 9999px; background: #1e5bd8; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;\" href=\"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/free-trial\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Start Free Trial \u2192 <\/a> <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 12px; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.5;\">Strengthen your understanding of CFA Level 2 ethics, loyalty standards, and professional conduct with study notes, practice questions, and mock exams.\n<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In matters related to their employment, Members and Candidates must act for the benefit of their employer and not deprive their employer of the advantage of their skills and abilities, divulge confidential information, or otherwise cause harm to their employer&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[102,196],"tags":[216,197,206],"class_list":["post-11344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cfa-level-2","category-ethical-and-professional-standards","tag-cfa-level-2","tag-ethical-and-professional-standards","tag-standard-iv-a-loyalty","blog-post","no-post-thumbnail","animate"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Standard IV(A) Loyalty | CFA Ethics Level 2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn Standard IV(A) Loyalty under the CFA Code of Ethics, including duties to employers, clients, and professional conduct. 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