{"id":1759,"date":"2019-09-27T13:33:00","date_gmt":"2019-09-27T13:33:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/cfa-level-1-exam\/?p=1759"},"modified":"2026-03-19T18:23:46","modified_gmt":"2026-03-19T18:23:46","slug":"content-bond-indenture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/cfa-level-1-exam\/fixed-income\/content-bond-indenture\/","title":{"rendered":"Content of a Bond Indenture"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"QAPage\",\n  \"mainEntity\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Question\",\n    \"name\": \"Classification of subordinate bonds with no collateral\",\n    \"text\": \"Samsung\u2019s subordinate bonds offer no collateral. These bonds are most likely:\\n\\nA. Secured.\\n\\nB. Unsecured.\\n\\nC. Overcollateralized.\",\n    \"answerCount\": 1,\n    \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n      \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n      \"text\": \"The correct answer is B.\\n\\nUnsecured bonds do not have collateral backing them and rely on the issuer\u2019s promise to repay, often referred to as 'full faith and credit.' These bonds are repaid after secured bonds in the event of default.\\n\\nA is incorrect. Secured bonds are backed by specific collateral.\\n\\nC is incorrect. Overcollateralized bonds are backed by collateral exceeding the bond\u2019s value.\"\n    }\n  }\n}\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"ImageObject\",\n  \"url\": \"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/cfa-level-1-exam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/50a-b.png\",\n  \"caption\": \"Bond Trustee\",\n  \"width\": 974,\n  \"height\": 316,\n  \"copyrightNotice\": \"\u00a9 2024 AnalystPrep\",\n  \"acquireLicensePage\": \"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/license-info\",\n  \"creditText\": \"AnalystPrep Design Team\",\n  \"creator\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n    \"name\": \"AnalystPrep\"\n  }\n}\n<\/script>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"VideoObject\",\n  \"name\": \"Fixed-Income Securities: Defining Elements (2025 Level I CFA\u00ae Exam \u2013 Fixed Income \u2013 Module 1)\",\n  \"description\": \"This video lesson covers the foundational concepts of fixed-income securities, including bond features, indenture contents, covenants, legal and tax considerations, and the structure of cash flows. It also explains contingency provisions and various bond types, highlighting how these aspects impact investors and issuers.\",\n  \"uploadDate\": \"2022-05-19T00:00:00+00:00\",\n  \"thumbnailUrl\": \"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/7zXN8w_K6dQ\/hqdefault.jpg\",\n  \"contentUrl\": \"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7zXN8w_K6dQ\",\n  \"embedUrl\": \"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7zXN8w_K6dQ\",\n  \"duration\": \"PT53M26S\"\n}\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7zXN8w_K6dQ?si=8ipZ1VQmkTYIO2sq\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n<h2><strong>Bond Indenture<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>A bond indenture is a legal document that outlines all the parameters of the bond issue, such as the par amount, issuer, coupon rate, security pledge, and the rights of bondholders. When analyzing a bond, it is important to review the credit risk of the issuer \u2013 the entity legally obliged to repay the bondholders. The indenture will also describe the security ranking of the bonds, which can be secured or unsecured. Secured bonds grant bondholders a claim on a specific asset, while unsecured or debentures offer no collateral and are repaid after secured bonds.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Collaterals<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Collaterals are assets or guarantees that a lender accepts as security for a bond above and beyond the issuer\u2019s promise to pay. Collateral backing serves to increase the credit quality of a bond and is one of the factors considered when determining the payable interest rate. In the event of a winding up, secured bonds or debts rank higher than unsecured debts.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the items often used as collateral include physical equipment, mortgages, and stocks.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Legal Identity of the Bond Issuer and its Legal Form<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>It\u2019s important to identify the issuer of a bond by its legal name. The investor must understand who the issuer is. The issuer can be:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a subsidiary of a parent legal entity;<\/li>\n<li>a holding company; or<\/li>\n<li>a special purpose vehicle (SPV) with a separate legal entity set up to issue bonds. Such bonds are secured by assets that have been hived off the entity\u2019s sponsor (i.e., removed from the sponsor\u2019s balance sheet). Thus, in the event of default, bondholders\/trustees cannot go after the sponsor\u2019s other assets. The SPV is also \u2018<strong>bankruptcy remote<\/strong>\u2019 because it is immune to any possible financial strain suffered by its sponsor. Securities issued by the SPV are known as asset-backed securities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Covered Bonds<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Covered bonds are securities issued by a bank or mortgage institution and collateralized against a pool of assets. Unlike asset-backed securities, covered bonds offer more protection to the bondholder since the pool of assets remains on the financial institution\u2019s balance sheet. In the event of default, bondholders have recourse against both the cover pool and the financial institution.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Bond Trustee<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In certain situations, the bondholder may have difficulties determining whether the issuer is abiding by the outlined contractual obligations, also known as <strong>covenants<\/strong>. For instance, a stipulation could bar the issuer from issuing similar bonds for a specified period of time. For this reason, the bondholder may enlist the services of a trustee who acts in a fiduciary capacity for the them. The trustee is usually a third party with trust powers, such as the trust department of a bank. A summary of the trustee\u2019s duties may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>monitoring to ensure that the issuer complies with the obligations specified in the indenture;<\/li>\n<li>taking action on behalf of the bondholder, e.g., in the event of a winding up of the issuer;<\/li>\n<li>maintaining or holding the required documentation and records;<\/li>\n<li>invoicing the issuer for interest payments and principal repayments;<\/li>\n<li>holding funds in transit (until they are paid to the bondholder).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"974\" height=\"316\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10077\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\" src=\"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/cfa-level-1-exam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/50a-b.png\" alt=\"bond-trustee\" srcset=\"https:\/\/analystprep.com\/cfa-level-1-exam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/50a-b.png 974w, https:\/\/analystprep.com\/cfa-level-1-exam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/50a-b-300x97.png 300w, https:\/\/analystprep.com\/cfa-level-1-exam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/50a-b-768x249.png 768w, https:\/\/analystprep.com\/cfa-level-1-exam\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/50a-b-400x130.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 974px) 100vw, 974px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Other covenants that may be outlined in the indenture include actions such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>timely payment of interest and principal;<\/li>\n<li>payment of taxes and other regulatory fees as may be required;<\/li>\n<li>keeping acquired assets in good condition;<\/li>\n<li>limitation on the sale of assets;<\/li>\n<li>limitations on dividend payouts and share repurchases; and<\/li>\n<li>regular submission of comprehensive \u201cstatus\u201d reports to the trustee to evaluate compliance with the indenture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Credit Enhancement<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Bonds can also have credit enhancements that improve the bonds&#8217; credit quality and reduce the interest costs to the issuer. An internal credit enhancement ranges from distinguishing bonds based on the level of seniority compared to other debt obligations, providing more collateral than is needed for the bonds (over-collateralization), or establishing a reserve account that the issuer can use if they have insufficient funds to repay bondholders. An external credit enhancement is generally an insurance product that may take the form of a surety bond, letter of credit, or a cash collateral account.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h2><strong>Question<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Samsung&#8217;s subordinate bonds\u00a0offer no collateral. These bonds are most likely:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: upper-alpha;\">\n<li data-tadv-p=\"keep\">Secured.<\/li>\n<li data-tadv-p=\"keep\">Unsecured.<\/li>\n<li data-tadv-p=\"keep\">Overcollateralized.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Solution<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The correct answer is <strong>B<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Unsecured bonds offer no collateral and are repaid after secured bonds. Instead, the issuer promises that they will be repaid. This promise is frequently called &#8220;full faith and credit.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bond Indenture A bond indenture is a legal document that outlines all the parameters of the bond issue, such as the par amount, issuer, coupon rate, security pledge, and the rights of bondholders. When analyzing a bond, it is important&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fixed-income","blog-post","no-post-thumbnail","animate"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bond Indenture Contents | CFA Level 1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A bond indenture details key bond terms, including issuer obligations, coupon rate, security pledge, and bondholder rights.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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